These points stand out in the previous discussions:
- A deeply-ingrained “culture of corruption” known as the Mafia Hukum has
been intentionally built into the Indonesian legal system against the will of the
vast majority of the Indonesian people though centuries of colonization and dictatorship;
- The Reform era has not changed the culture of the law institutions;
- Reformasi and devolution of authority from Jakarta to the provinces has
prompted the emergence of hundreds of local, often ethnically based, Law Mafias;
- These local Law Mafias actively promote their services to local clients.